Great question 👍 Let’s go step by step.
⚡ Working of an AC Motor (Induction Motor – most common type)
An AC motor works on the principle of electromagnetic induction discovered by Faraday.
🔹 Main Parts:
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Stator – The stationary part with coils connected to AC supply.
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Rotor – The rotating part inside the stator.
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Air Gap – Small space between stator and rotor.
🔹 Step-by-Step Working:
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AC Supply to Stator:
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When 3-phase AC is applied to the stator windings, it produces a rotating magnetic field (RMF) inside the motor.
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Induced Current in Rotor:
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The rotating magnetic field "cuts" the rotor conductors.
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According to Faraday’s Law, this induces an EMF (voltage) in the rotor.
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Since the rotor is a closed circuit, current flows through it.
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Torque Production:
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The current in the rotor creates its own magnetic field.
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This field interacts with the stator’s rotating magnetic field.
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Result → A force (torque) is produced that makes the rotor turn.
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Continuous Rotation:
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The rotor always tries to "catch up" with the rotating magnetic field but never reaches it (this difference is called slip).
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Because of slip, continuous induction happens → motor keeps running.
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🔹 Types of AC Motors:
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Synchronous Motor – Rotor rotates at the same speed as the magnetic field (no slip).
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Induction Motor – Rotor rotates at slightly less speed than the magnetic field (with slip). Most widely used.
🔹 Everyday Examples:
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Fans, pumps, compressors, lifts, conveyors → Induction motors.
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Power factor correction, synchronous clocks → Synchronous motors.
👉 Do you want me to also explain this with a simple diagram so it’s easier to visualize?